Thoughts and Afterthoughts
Niagara : The Fallout
Most WWI veterans in New Zealand who maintained their service connections were at best wary of the Labour Party between the wars. I did not pay attention but I am sure that I could have heard my elders and betters being scornful on the subject of what was being done about our local minefield. There were no purpose built minesweepers in place and a number of coastal traders were taken over and retrofitted for the task. As long as a mine stayed in place it was assumed to be dangerous. If a mine broke away from its mooring it was supposed to disarm itself.
It must have been less than two years after the sinking of the Niagara that I was shown the mechanism existing in each horn of the mine to produce an explosion, and also the way breaking the mooring disabled it. [Almost] everyone knew this and it was reinforced by an urban/rural/coastal myth. The story was that a mine had broken away and got washed up on a beach. Such things did happen. In the myth a local farmer had heard of a reward for finding a mine. He decided not to risk someone else claiming that reward. Once it was on his land he would feel secure about his reward so he got his horse(s) into harness to tow it a little way. There was a portion of the cable as a convenient place to hitch onto. Any reward he obtained was in another sphere. His demise is not in the official history.
Unfortunately there were casualties. The mines were brought to the surface and exploded by rifle fire. The explosions could be heard from a considerable distance. We heard several when there was no visible minesweeper. The casualties came on an occasion when a minesweeper struck a mine that had been spotted on or close to the surface, late on the evening before. It had moved in the meantime, so was obviously already detached from its mooring. The disabling mechanism did not work that time.
For whatever reason the authorities were soon confident that there was clear channel fairly close to the coast. Perhaps nobody thought a German ship would dare linger long within sight of land to lay more than had already been found there. The mines that surfaced or were swept possibly began to show the pattern associated with a fairly swift single passage across the mouth of the Hauraki Gulf. For the remainder of WWII the shipping lane hugged the coast until it had left the Gulf well behind it. Incoming shipping came on the same track. They came inside the boundaries of Bream Bay, between us and our accustomed set of islands on the horizon. I am not sure that knowing all shipping movements in and out of Auckland would have benefitted the Axis Powers too much, but our coast would have been the ideal spot for the spy to set up in business. We watched the arrival of the QEI, but I don't remember a departure. It could easily have been at night If there was a battleship HMS Howe, with 15 inch guns, afloat at that time, and if she visited Auckland, I did but see her passing by, and my memory has not slipped completely. I am prepared to be corrected about the name of the ship, but not the event.
When a war zone approaches a coastline some debris often comes first. From time to time during WWII penguins came ashore with oil on their feathers. That spoiled their swimming and in preening themselve they were likely to poison themselves. Some rationpacks must have been discarded occasionally somewhere. Some bits floated ashore. Most material was spoiled by the time it got there but occasionally a container of boiled lollies or something that floated and contained chocolate made the sea shore. Sugary things were in short supply and rationed. The tide came up and the beachcombers came down, to the beaches and the neighbouring rocks.
Curiosity is always at home in small boys. In that district people often cleared tree stumps and rocks. There was work involving explosives, including at least one working quarry. Small boys had to be warned about hazards. In my first school there was a display warning us not to play with detonators. From memory it was pretty graphic. Most schools of the time would, I think, have had their own copy of the display. We all knew on one level what at least one brand of the device called a detonator looked like. Likewise, that if we saw a detonator we did not even pick it up and that we called for adult backup.
It remains true that three small boys were not prepared for what they -- we -- did find. Where we found it I do not see that it could have come in from the sea Nor yet do I see it coming down to that point from the land. It is late to ask.
Imagine four large altar candles - not wax but looking vaguely waxy. Tie them together with some toughish string. Indent one end of each so that a copper structure will fit there. Two of them had the copper structures in place, and one of those had a further copper structure fitted into that. After doing several foolish things we took the collection home. We had enough sense between us not to interfere with that final small copper structure, which was indeed a detonator. The collection was eventually and casually transported to an army depot where it got much more respectful treatment - and was not returned.
We would probably claim that the war passed the three of us by at a safe distance. On final summation, make that a "sufficient" distance.
Niagara : The Mine and the Gold
Niagara - the Mine and the Gold
I think I knew the name RMS Niagara before she went out of circulation. June 19th 1940, just before the winter solstice, was a day that I remember as clear and sparkling. Don’t ask me about the weather on any other day in 1940. At the other end of the world the then current Republic of France was dying. Until I looked up the dates recently I did not connect the two. I don’t know how we found out that the ship was sinking just a little out of our view. I am sure that in wartime someone would have tried to keep the whole thing secret. Less than six hours after the event it was being discussed on our school bus. Before we got to school the whole coastline must have known that there had been an explosion and the ship was sinking, or had sunk. Speculation had wings. I remember quoting my older brother to two teachers. “He says it is Von Luckner again.” The almost legendary WWI sailor had visited NZ several years earlier. Hector must have started reading and connecting ideas from newspapers that early. The teachers would not buy the idea.
By nightfall I think the first supply of secrecy had mostly vanished. Boats sent to collect survivors were no longer congregated as a tempting target for somebody. The story took a while to emerge but a German vessel named Orion had laid a string of mines in and across the main shipping lane(s) out of Auckland via the Hauraki Gulf. There is a chart they recorded with an irregular string of mines marked at one end by the northern tip of the “Great Barrier Island”. This Island continues the general line of the Coromandel Peninsular on one side of the Hauraki Gulf. At the other end of the string of mines many were laid where the Orion must have been within sight of Bream Head , the northern end of Bream Bay. The Niagara hit one of these in the early hours of the day, and settled in calm seas. By the end of the day her depth under the ocean was about twice the height of Niagara Falls. All the passengers and crew were taken off safely, although the cat was missing for some days before it drifted ashore on some wreckage. There was considerable ‘human interest’ publicity about someone who was migrating on her honeymoon and how she had lost her trousseau.
At the time I was listed in adult terms as belonging to the tribe of the ‘little pigs with long ears’. I have the impression that nobody on the coast was supposed to know, as everybody apparently did, that a considerable amount of gold had been, and stayed, in the strongroom as the ship sank. Considerably later that year a local who had come to shear sheep for us assured us that the ship had been located and the gold would all be recovered in the next few weeks. “They have the wreck marked by a buoy. You can see it near Sail Rock”.
We had seen the buoy through binoculars from our location close to Bream Tail, which makes the southern end of Bream Bay, but we did not believe the story. On our horizon Bream Bay, named by Captain Cook, was enclosed by Islands also named by Captain Cook. A largish island was the Hen and scattered a bit north of it were the Chickens. On the other side of the Hen Captain Cook may have seen an isolated dissident and rocky Chicken. From some angles it looks like a spinnaker on a modern yacht. Locals see it as Sail Rock. Perspectives do change. I am almost used to the name Taranga for the Hen. In my later view it is neither. It looks, in a view that I saw most days for more than a decade, like a Jurassic dragon of some sort stretched flat with its head toward the main Chickens and tail curving away from Sail Rock.
It is a matter of history that the wreck was located early the following year. Well away from the event the chart on the Orion was marked with a supposed wreck site. That spot was on the line of the string of mines and hidden from us by the Chickens. Several nautical miles away, but still I think on the mine string, is the position now quoted for the wreck. That site is hidden from our vantage point by The Hen/Taranga. Further along much the same line was the buoy ‘near’ Sail Rock. I think that was a simple mistake.
Recovery of the gold followed in spasms. The technology of the time allowed an interesting feedback loop. There was a diver in a sealed observation chamber with a window to view the action. He was suspended from a crane on the deck of the aged coastal vessel Claymore. He directed by telephone what was done from the deck above by instruments suspended on a second cable. He had no mechanical linkage. He even had to be winched away from the action before explosives could be used in the process of breaking into the strongroom. There was likewise a distinct risk that explosive in the wrong place could disperse the contents as they were liberated. The reader can imagine doing all remote handling operations, sight unseen, from the deck above, as directed by telephone. The operations performed on the ship would then produce results over a hundred metres below. Delicate operations to retrieve gold bars involved mechanical grabs. Once again it is left to the reader to decide what to do when there is a swell travelling over the ocean. It is tempting to imagine a winch which pays out or hauls in the suspension line so that the load at the bottom stays at a constant depth below mean sea level. It is even easier to imagine the difficulties of control without your lap top. There should be admiration and possibly surprise that the first sequence of operations recovered a considerable majority of the gold bars that were the object of the exercise. Equally unsurprising will be the considerable number left behind at that time.
By the end of WWII equipment and control methods had improved enormously. The missing minority has now shrunk to five gold bars out of the original XXX.
There were other repercussions. They can wait for another story.
